Montevideo by Enrique Vila-Matas, translated from the Spanish by Sophie Hughes and Annie McDermott (Yale University Press, 2025)
I have it all planned out—my reading list for the year. I have carefully slotted the book titles into each of the 12 months of 2026. The Excel worksheet was auto-saved. Then I picked up the book Montevideo by Enrique Vila-Matas at the end of December 2025, and it wreaked havoc on my reading list. The narrator of the novel spouted interesting titles and authors left and right: books, for example, by Elizabeth Hardwick, Antonio Tabucchi, Augusto Monterroso, and some “French writers.” I wanted to add them to my already groaning book list. This year I will need extreme time-management skills if I want to make headway with my list. As if compiling a reading list of actual books were not enough, one also has to contend with nonexistent books by nonexistent authors, which not only complicate or muddy the list but also automatically make it a fictional one.
The narrator was a novelist who happened to be suffering from a profound writer's block. Who would have thought that the condition of writer's block could be a fertile ground for writing an entire novel, or two novels, or even three, or even more.
The unnamed young Spanish narrator also happens to be a drug dealer (“hash, marijuana, and cocaine”) in Paris. Of course, this narrator never really recounted a single incident about his shady profession, never discussed his tawdry transactions or his wayward clients. Although he “embarked on a life of crime,” his stories were not filled with unliterary escapades. He adopted the tone of “controlled meaninglessness, bordering on pretense” and name-dropped every modernist novelist from his arsenal he could conveniently insert into his narrative. The writers (and their works) were so carefully chosen and cautiously dropped like bombs that they formed a curated list of precursor novelists.
So what we have are his notes on reading and his reportage on not-writing, a creative and novelistic form of solipsism mediated by books—what else—and so a clever solipsist in a way. We read his ramblings in Paris and other cities, all bemoaning the lost ability to express in writing his human condition. He created this patchwork of a reading life, very much aware of his own literary posturing, and very much self-referential in invoking his various precursor “French” novelists.
His humor could be so dry that one was unsure it was not meant to be serious at all. I wanted to think he was sincere yet unfunny.
I also remembered the exorbitant Thomas Wolfe, who, in his eagerness to take in all the world’s stories, drowned in the storm of those materials that seemed to evade his grasp. This eagerness of Wolfe’s to rule over time could be seen in his torrential first novel, Look Homeward, Angel, which included some words that I’ve always deemed worthy of constant reflection and that could be said to form the crux of my own poetics:
“We seek the great forgotten language, the lost lane.… Each of us is all the sums he has not counted: subtract us into nakedness and night again, and you shall see begin in Crete four thousand years ago the love that ended yesterday in Texas.”
He was taking things out of context, pushing his way into his own literary sandbox. He was sharing his “readings” of literary novel-gazing, which was practically a reading of his own life. Ultimately he produced his “unwritten” novel, yet another (extended) meditation about a writer of No, but a writer not wearing his Noh mask and instead volubly sharing a pastiche of literary quotations. The novelist was flexing his practical skills in literary criticism. Spot on was his reading of Roberto Bolaño:
laughing away in his cave in Blanes and flaunting his magnificent refusal to conform to the work of those contemporaries whose writing he didn’t like, which was most of them, although his opinions were liable to change. Understandable, really, given that he liked to be arbitrary and make lists and not take literature too seriously, which, in my opinion, has always been the best way of taking it in any way seriously.
We could relax while reading Montevideo because our character was not serious at all. He was the slightly older version of the neophyte writer in Never Any End to Paris. He was full of contradictions and absurdities. That was probably why he was a winsome character even if somewhat of a dolt. He had a predilection for “French writers” (Lispector, Gracq, Ida Vitale, Felisberto Hernández, Felipe Polleri, Harry Mathews, Madeleine Moore, and the Comte de Lautréamont) whose Frenchness was not defined by their nationality.
I can hardly contain my excitement as I prepare to say this: the writers I like the most are the very model of the coldest, most rapierlike intelligence, the ones who push to the limit what someone once called the “frightful discipline of the spirit.” And that’s it; I could finish there. But I think it’s worth adding that perhaps the quality I most admire in “French writers” is their absolute autonomy. Because the truly extraordinary thing about literature is that it’s a space of such immense freedom that it allows for all kinds of contradictions. For instance, within a single paragraph you can both believe and not believe in Madeleine Moore.
We may believe and not believe in that last sentence. The reader in us could catch a whiff of that immense space of freedom embedded in certain novels of this ilk.
Montevideo's echoes, affinities, and tangential connections to Vila-Matas's previous books were so pronounced they were no longer echoes and affinities but direct connections in the fictional metaverse. Our drug dealer was the author of a novel called Virtuosos of Suspense, which he “wrote without a care in the world and that has haunted me ever since in a most worrying way, as if it were the only book I’d ever written.”
Oh, I’d been waiting so long for someone to release me from that excruciating phrase [“I would prefer not to”], that ghastly cliché that’s haunted me ever since I published Virtuosos of Suspense, in which, some twenty years ago, I investigated cases of writers affected by that syndrome “of the No” I called “Rimbaud syndrome”! Over time that book became a nightmare, one I’ve learned to live with in recent years, a nightmare buried under my skin like the apple Gregor Samsa’s father threw at him, which lodged itself in Gregor’s flesh and eventually rotted.
It was as if the success of Bartleby & Co. Virtuosos of Suspense had overshadowed the literary enterprise of our novelist, so he had to exorcise it with more literary ramblings. He was so consumed by the success of his creation that he had to concoct a different medicine with the same generic name. Because Enrique Vila-Matas was short on ideas and brimming with comp lit insights, he borrowed the wide-eyed sincerity and pretentious tendencies of the protagonist of Never Any End to Paris, the germ of literature sickness in Bartleby & Co., and the schematic architecture of Montano's Malady to come up with this drug.
Proper novels are bygones, replaced by stories of literary possibilities. Not that we've nearly exhausted all possible permutations and sequences of plot points in a story; perhaps now the only possible ground for novelistic exploration lies in critiquing those stories.
Hence, we accompanied our novelist drug dealer's adventures in multiple cities of literary imagination. Serial name-dropper, he was also a serial quote-dropper. In Criticism and Truth: On Method in Literary Studies (The University of Chicago Press, 2023), Jonathan Kramnick considers the practice of literary criticism as the perfection of creative writing skills and its unique methods: “Quotation is the art of moving across two orders of writing, one's own and someone else's.” Hence, Kramnick viewed the practice of quotation as close reading, a sui generis skill for a literary critic.
For in-sentence quotation, the know-how is that of weaving another person’s words with your own so you gently alter both, so that some sort of third space emerges in the process of interpretation. For block or between-sentence quotation, the know-how is that of adjusting your own idiom so that it reveals something about another’s, either by way of contrast or connection.
Our novelist then, who in Paris led a life of crime, exhibited (in the words of Kramnick) “deft treatment of language—the craftwork of spinning sentences from sentences already in the world.” His skill “is ... a discipline-specific way that the literary humanities tell important truths about the world.”
Back to Montevideo. Saddled with “the burden of speaking out against novels with plots” and consigned to perpetually evaluate his own life against the aphorisms and ideas of “French writers,” our narrator managed to splice together quotes and passages from books and writers deserving our modernist attention. His bookish ideas and writerly predilections were his means of dissecting his own “style,” after Nabokov in the quote our narrator shared “The best part of a writer's biography is not the record of his adventures but the story of his style.” What a style it was—seemingly unstructured incidents and ideas that were nevertheless shaped by a sensitivity of a passionate and obsessive literatus.
Our narrator was almost ready to admit his fictivity or fictiveness, yet he persisted in asserting his own reality, his own freedom and will. The clash of fact and fiction was most evident in the “Montevideo” section of the book—the third one after the “Paris” and “Cascais” sections—where our drug dealer was in search of the actual hotel room that was the basis of Julio Cortázar 's story about a sealed door.
In this portrait of a novelist as a drug pusher—but really he was a drug addict as well, or more accurately a book addict, which also made him a book pusher. I meant to compare book addicts with book pushers, though not to equate drug addicts with drug pushers. Montevideo appeared in Spanish in 2022. If Vila-Matas's character visited Manila between the years 2016 and 2022, the period corresponding to Rodrigo Duterte's presidency, and he wrote about it, the novel would have turned into a horror story for he might end up as one of the thousands of individuals summarily executed by the Duterte police state. End of digression. – The novelist was a recommender of unsolicited novels—an accusation he leveled against his tour guide in Montevideo. He unapologetically deals in books like he deals in drugs and cherishes the freedom granted novelists to inveigle their characters into one absurd situation after another. We would not know the merits of his arguments if we were not familiar with the potentially addictive writers and books he recommends. Yet the novel still should come with a trigger warning, particularly for serious readers who never take books seriously.
I'm in the “Bogotá” section (p. 132) of the book.
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