19 March 2025

The ephemera of Bernardo Soares

 

I read and am liberated. I acquire objectivity. I cease being myself and so scattered. And what I read, instead of being like a nearly invisible suit that sometimes oppresses me, is the external world’s tremendous and remarkable clarity, the sun that sees everyone, the moon that splotches the still earth with shadows, the wide expanses that end in the sea, the blackly solid trees whose tops greenly wave, the steady peace of ponds on farms, the terraced slopes with their paths overgrown by grape-vines.

I picked up The Book of Disquiet, again, and started from the very beginning. I wasn't able to mark where I left off so I decided to begin this fragmentary novel from the first page, from the introduction by editor and translator Richard Zenith. By fragment #87 – which ended thus, "Better and happier those who, recognizing that everything is fictitious, write the novel before someone writes it for them and, like Machiavelli, don courtly garments to write in secret." – I knew that my first pass already brought me up to a fifth or a fourth of the book. Rereading could be futile. Bernardo Soares himself could not bring himself to reread.

I reread? A lie! I don’t dare reread. I can’t reread. What good would it do me to reread? The person in the writing is someone else. I no longer understand a thing… [Text 63]

Soares was not the one flipping the pages but Fernando Pessoa. The author's identity is fickle. In a book about states of being and consciousness, hyperreal dreams, and intellectualized tedium, we detect the inconsistent protests of a poet suffering from impostor syndrome. His only recourse was random jottings; he could be the forerunner of modern blogging. He devoted his life to art and its contradictions and so embraced the contradictions of a life lived on the fringes of art.

We may know that the work we continue to put off doing will be bad. Worse, however, is the work we never do. A work that’s finished is at least finished. It may be poor, but it exists, like the miserable plant in the lone flowerpot of my neighbour who’s crippled. That plant is her happiness, and sometimes it’s even mine. What I write, bad as it is, may provide some hurt or sad soul a few moments of distraction from something worse. That’s enough for me, or it isn’t enough, but it serves some purpose, and so it is with all of life. [Text 14]

Blogger without a platform, Soares killed time writing to give his readers some sort of distraction. He believed it served a purpose because otherwise he'd be forced to admit that the time he spent on writing was all a waste.

Zenith's introduction prepped the reader for the chaotic and tedious composition of the book. Soares struggled writing and organizing it for most of his life. "Unfinished and unfinishable", the art consumed the artist. If only the novelist was born in the age of NaNoWriMo, then he could have made progress on his unfinishable enterprise, copy-pasting and tracking changes to his heart's content. Zenith believed though that it would not be the same masterpiece had Soares completed the task. Tightly edited, coherent, smoothly flowing, and possibly streamlined to half its published length, the non-posthumous Book of Disquiet would have been more daring and more passionate but less disquieting.

The editor said that the sequence he followed to shape the fragments was not definitive and was informed by a rough skeleton of dated fragments arranged chronologically. According to him, the reader could open the book at any page, create their own order of the texts, and proceed to any random page. A chaotic species of composition deserved an equally chaotic decryption. An unorthodox reading would not lose the decadent spirit and drift of Disquiet

With so many entry points and possibilities of arranging the texts and countless ways of reading and ordering the fragments, backward, forward, skipping every two or three pages at a time, it would not be an exaggeration to say that Disquiet is the definition of an infinite book. A book by Pessoa, the father of pluralism, had a secure place in the invisible library of Borges, a prominent place in the Library of Babel.

If it was up to me, I would appreciate holding a fragmentary version of Disquiet, the way Soares left it for posterity. In a large envelope and in a trunk, the texts written in different formats and all forms of paper. "He wrote," Zenith said, "in notebooks, on loose sheets, on the backs of letters, advertisements and handbills, on stationery from the firms he worked for and from the cafés he frequented, on envelopes, on paper scraps, and in the margins of his own earlier texts." 

These ephemera deserved a better packaging, printed and preserved just as they languished for almost half a century (47 years) before their publication in a bound book. Opening that vessel of texts, the closest feeling I would potentially compare it to was when I, trembling, opened the box containing the stapled chapters of The Unfortunates by B.S. Johnson. Plus, I would throw in the lists Pessoa made of non-existent poems, stories, and books. Who is to say they do not exist? The fact that their titles exist made them exist. If only we would look hard enough.

"Each writer," Borges wrote, "creates his precursors. His work modifies our conception of the past, as it will modify the future. In this correlation, the identity or plurality of men doesn't matter." In his writing, Pessoa created his own precursors: fictional authors writing about fictitious writers and fictive pieces, dreaming dreams inside dreams and daydreams. His "plurality of men" (heteronyms) doesn't matter. 

I am still obsessed with creating a false world, and will be until I die. Today I don’t line up spools of thread and chess pawns (with an occasional bishop or knight sticking out) in the drawers of my chest, but I regret that I don’t, and in my imagination I line up the characters – so alive and dependable! – who occupy my inner life, and this makes me feel cosy, like sitting by a warm fire in winter. I have a world of friends inside me, with their own real, individual, imperfect lives. [Text 92]

The writer fully inhabited the fictions of his beings. The writer inside the writing was somebody else. Soares needed to recover himself from himself: "I gave birth to my infinite being, but I had to wrench myself out of me with forceps."

 

15 March 2025

21 books I look forward to in 2025+

 

Before I get depressed about finishing a draft of a post on the state of this blog or the state of my reading, I decided to list books to be published this year (or beyond) that I want to read. And this cheers me up. I'm still reading "books-books". But ever since enrolling in a doctorate program, my reading fare lately consists of peer-reviewed journal articles and chapters from academic books. The worrying thing is that, since these texts are made up of words and they somehow contain narratives and storylines, I am quite enjoying the academic drudgery and all talk about "framing", "worldviews", "contestations", and "navigating complex, uncertain, and unsustainable societies". The arguments in some of those readings somehow resemble some concepts in the short stories of Borges. Academic reading and writing replaces time spent on reading and blogging. Yet I find I can still manage to squeeze the time to finish the quasi-philosophical ramblings of Clarice Lispector. In her A Breath of Life (Pulsations), for example, I discovered I can no longer distinguish the boundaries between reading and imaginary transcendence, between sense and sensemaking.

AUTHOR: I looked for you in dictionaries and couldn't find your meaning. Where is your synonym in the world? where is my own synonym in life? I'm unequalled.

After encountering four Lispector novels in the span of two years, I came to the conclusion that novels are instruments and vehicles for unearthing found meanings and found feelings. 

I have thoughts I cannot translate into words — sometimes I think a triangle. But when I try to think I get worried about trying to think and nothing comes up. Sometimes my thought is only the whispering of my leaves and branches. But for my best thought words are not found. 
 
I discovered that I need to not know what I’m thinking — if I become conscious of what I’m thinking, I can no longer think, I can only see myself think. When I say “think” I’m referring to the way I dream words. But thought needs to be a feeling. [tr. Johnny Lorenz]

The cumulative effect of passages like this is indescribable. I sometimes think I stumbled upon a comedy bar with a breakthrough artist performing a monologue in laughter and tears. It is alright to be sometimes all over the place. To think with a straight face can be difficult.

I've digressed.

 

1. Wildcat Dome by Yūko Tsushima, translated by Lisa Hofmann-Kuroda

2. No Man River by Dương Hương, translated by Quan Manh Ha and Charles Waugh

3. Women, Seated by Zhang Yueran, translated by Jeremy Tiang

4. The Aesthetics of Resistance: Volume III by Peter Weiss, translated by Joel Scott. - the end of a trilogy to end all trilogies.

5. Silent Catastrophes by W. G. Sebald, translated by Jo Catling - John Banville said this will "diminish" Sebald's reputation as a master of Central European high literature. I'm not bothered by this pronouncement. It's now more than two decades after Sebald's death. I very much look forward to see Sebald diminish in my fanboy eyes. 

6. Vastlands: The Crossing by João Guimarães Rosa, translated by Alison Entrekin - Coming in 2026, actually. That Cormac McCarthy-inspired subtitle, though.

7. A Suitable Girl by Vikram Seth - may be out next year, or the year after that.

8. Borges by Adolfo Bioy Casares, translated by Valerie Miles. - what, 700 more pages about Borges?

9. Yñiga by Glenn Diaz - Tilted Axis Press, 2026.

10. Out of the World by Karl Ove Knausgaard, translated by Martin Aitken - 2027 or thereabouts.

11. Into the Sun by C. F. Ramuz, translated by Olivia Baes and Emma Ramadan

12. Schattenfroh by Michael Lentz, translated by Max Lawton

13. Unusual Fragments: Japanese Stories by Taeko Kono, Nobuko Takagi, and others, translated by Lucy North, Margaret Mitsutani, and others. From Two Lines Press.

 

From locally published books, I look forward to reading

14. I Am a Voice by Genoveva Edroza-Matute, translated by Soledad S. Reyes - One of the books I bought last Thursday, Day 1 of 2025 Philippine Book Festival (PBF), from the booth of Ateneo de Manila University Press.

15. The Compendium of Impossible Objects by Carlo Paulo Pacolor, translated by Soleil David. This received a National Endowment for the Arts Translation Fellowship. I bought the original Filipino (and some other goods) in the PBF booth of the publisher, Everything's Fine PH.

16. Narkokristo, 1896 by Ronaldo S. Vivo Jr. - I finished it in one sitting yesterday.

17. The Twentieth-Century Philippines in Ten Novels: Literature as History (1913-1975) by Soledad S. Reyes

18. Sa Ibang Kariktan (Another Beauty) by Mesándel Virtusio Arguelles - The poet's latest nonfic from The University of the Philippines Press. I also managed to snag his triptych on sonnets, which is part of a septology on a poetry movement Ayer calls "Sonetoismo": Laging Patúngo (Always on the Way), Monstruo, and "Not the Stuff of Sonnets": Ilang Talâ sa Sonetoismo (Notes on Sonnetoism).

19. Pagkamangha sa Parang-Katapusan-ng-Mundo (Awe at the Apocalyptic-ish) by Genevieve L. Asenjo - Not yet on the shelves when Rise dropped by the PBF booth of Balangay Books. 

20. Pitumpung Patnubay sa Paglikha ng Palagiang Panahon (Seventy Guideposts on Creating a Stable World) by Edgar Calabia Samar

21. Cerco un Centro di Gravità Permanente by RM Topacio-Aplaon - the second installment in the Southern Quartet. And to think I haven't started yet anything from his Imus Novels, a projected septology, and am still in the middle of At Night We Are Dancers, which might be the first book in a trilogy. 

Perhaps I want to collect all of these books so that when I see any of them online I can say, just like Borges, "What a pity I can't buy that book because I already have a copy at home."


06 March 2025

Women's Month: Filipina novelists in translation

Last October, someone from Canada emailed to ask if I have updated figures (gender statistics) to a 2016 blog post Women in Translation Month: Novels from the Philippines.

Yes, I have.

Here are the updated numbers:

  • Between 1900 and 2024, a total of 50 novels from the Philippines were translated and published into English. In the past century (1900-1994), only seven of these novels (14%) appeared in English translation for the first time. The first English translations of the rest (43 novels) were published in the last 20 years (2006-2024). Note that "novel" is loosely defined in my list.
  • Out of the 50 translated novels, 13 were written by female novelists (26%). The percentage is expected to go down as 11 novels by male novelists are forthcoming in translation. 
  • Four languages were represented: 30 were translated from Tagalog/Filipino; 10 from Spanish; six from Cebuano, and four from Hiligaynon.
  • The most prolific translator (11 novels) was Soledad S. Reyes.
  • The 50 novels were written by just 39 writers: 31 male and 8 female novelists.
  • The eight female novelists, arranged by number of novels translated, were:  
    1. Rosario de Guzman Lingat (3 books)
    2. Austregelina Espina-Moore (3 books)
    3. Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni (2 books)
    4. Luna Sicat Cleto (1 book)
    5. Lualhati Bautista (1 book)
    6. Liwayway Arceo (1 book)
    7. Fe Esperanza Trampe (1 book)
    8. Jonaxx (1 book)

The information came from a database I maintain online: Bibliography of Philippine Novels in English Translation.

The most controversial book in the list, after Noli and Fili, was probably La Loba Negra (The Black She-wolf). The translated book (1958) was published under the name of José A. Burgos, a Catholic priest. Although the original Spanish novel was attributed to Burgos, historians later proved it to be one of the forgeries or hoaxes by Jose E. Marco. The hoax novel was adapted into an opera in 1984.